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Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud
Reservoirs of icy bodies and long-period comets at the fringes of the solar system The Outer Solar System’s Icy Frontier For centuries, observers regarded Jupiter’s orbit as the approximate boundary...
Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud
Reservoirs of icy bodies and long-period comets at the fringes of the solar system The Outer Solar System’s Icy Frontier For centuries, observers regarded Jupiter’s orbit as the approximate boundary...
The Red Giant Phase: Fate of the Inner Planets
Possible engulfment of Mercury and Venus, and uncertain prospects for Earth Life Beyond the Main Sequence Stars like our Sun spend the bulk of their lifetimes on the main sequence,...
The Red Giant Phase: Fate of the Inner Planets
Possible engulfment of Mercury and Venus, and uncertain prospects for Earth Life Beyond the Main Sequence Stars like our Sun spend the bulk of their lifetimes on the main sequence,...
Planetary Climate Cycles
Milankovitch cycles, axial tilt changes, and orbital eccentricities influencing long-term climate shifts The Orbital Framework of Climate While short-term weather is modulated by local atmospheric processes, long-term climate emerges from...
Planetary Climate Cycles
Milankovitch cycles, axial tilt changes, and orbital eccentricities influencing long-term climate shifts The Orbital Framework of Climate While short-term weather is modulated by local atmospheric processes, long-term climate emerges from...
Asteroid and Comet Impacts
Historic collisions (like the one that ended dinosaurs) and ongoing threat assessment for Earth Cosmic Visitors and Impact Hazards Earth’s geological record and crater landscapes testify to the reality that...
Asteroid and Comet Impacts
Historic collisions (like the one that ended dinosaurs) and ongoing threat assessment for Earth Cosmic Visitors and Impact Hazards Earth’s geological record and crater landscapes testify to the reality that...
Planetary Orbits and Resonances
How gravitational interactions shape orbital eccentricities, resonances (e.g., Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids) Why Orbital Dynamics Matter Planets, moons, asteroids, and other bodies move within a star’s gravitational field, each body also...
Planetary Orbits and Resonances
How gravitational interactions shape orbital eccentricities, resonances (e.g., Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids) Why Orbital Dynamics Matter Planets, moons, asteroids, and other bodies move within a star’s gravitational field, each body also...
Solar Activity: Flares, Sunspots, and Space Wea...
Magnetic processes on the Sun that affect planetary environments and human technology The Sun’s Dynamic Behavior Although the Sun may appear as a steady, unchanging sphere of light from Earth,...
Solar Activity: Flares, Sunspots, and Space Wea...
Magnetic processes on the Sun that affect planetary environments and human technology The Sun’s Dynamic Behavior Although the Sun may appear as a steady, unchanging sphere of light from Earth,...